No Cooling? How to Get Your Fridge Compressor Running Again

Having issues with your refrigerator not cooling properly? Don't panic! In many cases, fridge compressor problems can be fixed with some simple troubleshooting and DIY repair. A compressor not turning on is one of the most common reasons for a fridge not cooling. By taking the time to diagnose the specific issue, you can get your food chilling again and avoid the expense of a service call.

With a little patience and some basic electrical testing, you can often get your compressor running again on your own. Let's get started bringing the cool back!

Check Power Supply to the Fridge

The first thing to check whenever a fridge compressor refuses to turn on is whether power is actually reaching the appliance. Here are some things you can test related to the power supply:

• Unplug the refrigerator from the outlet, wait 30 seconds, then plug it back in. This may reset any electrical issues.
• Make sure the outlet is supplying 110-120V. Use a multimeter or voltage tester to check.
• Inspect the power cord for damage. Use a multimeter to test for continuity.
• Check for a tripped fuse or blown circuit breaker, and replace/reset as needed.
• Verify the control panel comes on when powered up. No lights indicates an issue.

If you confirm the outlet is providing power but the fridge is not responding at all, the problem likely lies with an internal component. Let's look at several possibilities.

Test the Start Relay

The start relay (or starter relay) gives the initial jolt of electricity to get the compressor motor running at startup. It's one of the most common failure points that can prevent the compressor from starting up.

Follow these steps to check the start relay:

• Locate the start relay, typically near the compressor motor.
• Set your multimeter to test for continuity and probe the relay terminals.
• Listen for a distinct click when the fridge first receives power. No click indicates a bad relay.
• Visually inspect the relay for signs of burning or damaged terminals.

If testing confirms the start relay is defective, replace it with an exact match relay specified for your fridge model.

Inspect the Overload Protector

The overload protector is designed to safeguard the compressor from overheating. It trips like a circuit breaker if the current flowing through the compressor is too high. A tripped overload protector is likely the culprit if the compressor was running fine then suddenly stopped.

Here's how to check the overload protector:

• Locate the protector near the compressor. It may have a button for resetting.
• Push the reset button firmly. If you hear a click, that means it reset.
• Use a multimeter to test for continuity across the terminals.
• If it lacks continuity or trips again instantly, the protector needs replacing.

Replacing a faulty overload protector is a relatively easy fridge repair to make. Just be absolutely sure to get the right replacement part for maximum protection.

Examine the Compressor Capacitors

Fridge compressors use two types of capacitors: run capacitors and start capacitors. Either type of capacitor failing can result in the compressor not starting.

• The run capacitor helps the compressor run smoothly once started.
• The start capacitor provides an extra burst of power to initially kick-start the compressor.

To test the capacitors:

• Use a multimeter to check microfarads/capacitance. Compare to spec.
• Inspect for any bulging or leaks indicating failure.
• Check wiring for damage that could cause intermittent operation.

If a capacitor is found to be faulty, replacing it with an equivalent capacitor of the same microfarads will often get the compressor going again.

Check Connections and Wiring

Loose wiring and faulty connections can mimic the symptoms of a bad compressor. Intermittent operation points to connections issues. Here's what you can inspect:

• Ensure wires at start relay, capacitors, and compressor are secure.
• Look for chaffed or burnt wires that need replacing.
• Clean any corrosion present on wiring or terminals.
• Check for continuity on each connection path.

Fixing any loose connections or damaged wires can restore proper electrical function. But if issues persist, further diagnosis of internal components is required.

Confirm Refrigerant Charge

If the compressor electricals check out okay, low refrigerant is another possibility for the compressor not engaging. Refrigerant pressure switches won't allow operation if charge is too low.

Warning: Only certified HVAC technicians should handle refrigerant. However, you can still perform some checks:

• Inspect condenser and evaporator coils for visible leaks.
• Check for refrigerant lines that feel warm to touch.
• Listen for bubbling sound indicating low refrigerant.

If you confirm or suspect low refrigerant, contact a professional to properly recharge your system after fixing any leaks.

Attempt a Compressor Reset

Before replacing parts, try performing a reset of the fridge compressor. This may clear any stuck overload protectors or control boards.

• Unplug fridge, wait 10 seconds, and plug back in.
• Let the compressor attempt to restart after a minimum of 15 minutes.
• Reset control panel to factory default settings.

Allow 24 hours after resetting to see if the compressor starts up on its own before resuming diagnostics. This simple reset works surprisingly often.

Replace Defective Part

Once you've completed troubleshooting steps and identified the specific faulty component, it's time for replacement. Some tips when replacing parts:

• Double check the diagnosis before purchasing replacement parts.
• Choose direct OEM replacements when possible.
• Note installation direction of any relays or capacitors.
• Use care when handling refrigerant lines.
• Restore power and monitor compressor operation.

With the defective part swapped out, normal cooling function should be restored. Verify proper operation after replacement.

When to Call a Professional

While many fridge compressor issues can be addressed with basic troubleshooting, there are times to enlist a professional:

• If diagnosis remains unclear after all testing.
• For major repairs like sealed system leaks.
• If replacement involves brazing refrigerant lines.
• For older appliances where parts are discontinued.

Certified HVAC techs have specialized tools and expertise to properly diagnose and repair more complex compressor issues. They can also legally handle refrigerant recharging. Calling a pro saves time and prevents mistakes working on sealed systems.

Troubleshooting a fridge compressor that won't start is within reach of most DIYers. By methodically testing components like the start relay, capacitors, and overload protector, you can often uncover the real issue and get your refrigerator running cool again. Reference your make and model specs any time replacements are needed.

You can avoid expensive repairs and lost food with basic electrical testing skills. We hope these tips will help you keep your food cold and your compressor running when issues pop up!