How to Spot Polybutylene Pipes in 5 Simple Steps

Polybutylene pipes were commonly installed in homes built between 1978 and 1995. Over time, these pipes have been found susceptible to leaking and failure. Identifying polybutylene plumbing early allows homeowners to replace pipes before extensive damage occurs.

Follow these five simple steps to determine if your plumbing contains this outdated and potentially problematic piping material.

Step 1: Look for Telltale Signs of Polybutylene Pipes

Polybutylene pipes have some unique visual characteristics that can help identify them. Here are the main things to look for:

Visual Indicators

Color is one of the easiest ways to spot polybutylene pipes. While copper and PVC pipes only come in a few standard colors, polybutylene can range from gray, white, black, blue or silver depending on the manufacturer and region. Polybutylene is also more flexible than other piping. It is able to bend and curve more than rigid copper or PVC.

The diameter of polybutylene pipes is generally between 1/2 inch and 1 inch. This standard sizing can help rule out other pipe materials during inspection.

Common Locations

Focus your search efforts in areas where polybutylene pipes are most likely to be found:

• Near the water heater
• Stub outs from walls like laundry connections, toilet supply lines and under sink piping
• Unfinished spaces like basements and crawlspaces
• Attics
• At the main water supply line and water meter
• Near the main water shut-off valve

Step 2: Check for Identifying Marks

In addition to visual traits, inspect pipes for stamps or logos that can confirm material. Polybutylene pipes often have the letters "PB" stamped on them, followed by a string of numbers that identifies the manufacturing lot.

You may also find a brand name or logo like Shell, Capco, Celanese or Hoechst. These companies manufactured polybutylene resin pellets that pipe producers used.

Step 3: Review Your Home's History

Polybutylene pipes were prevalent in homes built during a relatively narrow window of time. Double check when your house was constructed or purchased. Homes built between 1978 and 1995 frequently used polybutylene plumbing.

Certain regions of the country, like the southeastern United States, saw higher concentrations of polybutylene use. And some builders opted to install them more regularly than others. Review paperwork and sales materials for mentions of polybutylene piping.

Step 4: Hire a Professional Inspector

For a more thorough investigation, hire a licensed plumber or home inspector to identify pipes. Professionals have specialized tools to facilitate the process.

For example, an inspector may use an infrared camera to reveal pipes inside walls. The temperature differences between polybutylene and other pipe materials allows them to be detected by an infrared image.

Professionals can also use hydrostatic testing to diagnose leaks and weaknesses in pipes. This involves sealing off a section of pipe and pressurizing it with water to check for leaks or failures under pressure.

Step 5: Test the Pipes

In addition to visual identification and professional inspection, specific tests can help determine if polybutylene pipes are present and evaluate their condition.

Various Testing Methods

Here are some common pipe examination techniques:

• Dye testing - fluorescent dye is added to the water system and viewed with a black light to spot any leaks
• Pressure testing - sections of pipe are isolated and pressurized to locate leaks and weaknesses
• Ultrasonic testing - ultrasound technology detects flaws and voids behind walls
• Visual inspection - eyes-on examination checks for damage like cracks and gaps

Assessing Pipe Condition

Testing provides an opportunity to gauge the status of polybutylene pipes. Signs of leakage, cracking, or other deterioration indicate replacement should be a priority to avoid a future failure leading to water damage.

If pipes appear in good condition, continued monitoring is recommended. Have them reevaluated periodically to catch any emerging issues.

Identifying polybutylene plumbing early allows you to be proactive about replacing pipes in a controlled, preventative manner. Waiting for an unexpected failure can lead to serious and costly water damage in your home.

Following these five straightforward steps empowers homeowners to locate polybutylene piping on their own. But don't hesitate to call in a professional for assistance determining next steps when replacement may be needed.

Spotting this outdated pipe material before it fails is the key to avoiding major headaches down the road. Take action to track down polybutylene and safeguard your home from a wet disaster!